沼氣是生物質(zhì)厭氧發(fā)酵的產(chǎn)物，是一種的可再生生物質(zhì)能源，主要成分為CH4（約為55%-70%）CO2（約為30%-45%），還有少量的H2S、O2、CO、N2及其他碳氫化合物等，沼氣中的CO2降低了沼氣的能量密度和熱值，限制了沼氣的利用范圍，因此，要對沼氣進行脫碳提純以降低CO2的含量。
Biogas is a product of anaerobic fermentation of biomass, and is a high-quality renewable biomass energy source. Its main component is CH4 (about 55% -70%) CO2 (about 30% -45%), as well as a small amount of H2S, O2, CO, N2, and other hydrocarbons. The CO2 in biogas reduces the energy density and calorific value of biogas, limiting its utilization range. Therefore, it is necessary to decarbonize and purify biogas to reduce its CO2 content.
沼氣提純的技術(shù)主要有以下及方面：
The technologies for purifying biogas mainly include the following aspects:
1、膜分離法是近幾年發(fā)展較快的一種節(jié)能型CO2分離回收工藝，該法利用沼氣中不同組分在通過膜時的溶解度和滲透率不同，實現(xiàn)沼氣的分離。
1. Membrane separation method is an energy-saving CO2 separation and recovery process that has developed rapidly in recent years. This method utilizes the different solubility and permeability of different components in biogas when passing through the membrane to achieve the separation of biogas.
2、化學(xué)吸收法是利用弱堿性吸收液，在吸附塔內(nèi)吸收酸性CO2，然后在高溫條件下進入解吸塔完成再生，從而達到脫除沼氣中CO2的目的。
2. Chemical absorption method uses weakly alkaline absorption liquid to absorb acidic CO2 in the adsorption tower, and then enters the desorption tower under high temperature conditions to complete regeneration, thereby achieving the purpose of removing CO2 from biogas.
3、水洗法是利用CO2和CH4在水中溶解度不同，通過物理吸收，實現(xiàn)CO2和CH4的分離目的。
3. The water washing method utilizes the different solubility of CO2 and CH4 in water to achieve the separation of CO2 and CH4 through physical absorption.
4、變壓吸附法的吸附原理是利用吸附劑對CH4、CO2的吸附能力不同，對沼氣中的CO2進行選擇性吸附，使之與CH4分離。
4. The adsorption principle of pressure swing adsorption method is to selectively adsorb CO2 from biogas by utilizing the different adsorption abilities of adsorbents for CH4 and CO2, in order to separate it from CH4.
5、低溫分離法是利用CH4和CO2沸點不同，在低溫條件下將沼氣中CO2轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐后w或固體，但CH4仍保持氣體狀態(tài)，從而實現(xiàn)二者的分離。
5. The low-temperature separation method utilizes the different boiling points of CH4 and CO2 to convert CO2 in biogas into liquid or solid under low-temperature conditions, but CH4 remains in a gaseous state, thus achieving the separation of the two.
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2023-04-12
