沼氣利用是發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要內(nèi)容，也是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)綠色轉(zhuǎn)型的內(nèi)容之一。發(fā)展沼氣有利于解決農(nóng)村尤其是新農(nóng)村建設(shè)中的能源和環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題，有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、工業(yè)等領(lǐng)域資源的循環(huán)利用。
Biogas utilization is an important part of the development of circular economy, and also one of the contents of the green transformation of China's economy. The development of biogas is conducive to solving the problems of energy and environmental pollution in rural areas, especially in the construction of new rural areas, and to realizing the recycling of resources in rural areas, aquaculture, industry and other fields.
唐山綠源環(huán)保沼氣工程
Tangshan Lvyuan Environmental Protection Biogas Project
一、利用方式
1、 Utilization mode
目前，沼氣的利用方式主要有兩種，一是提供燃料；二是用于發(fā)電。那么沼氣用作燃料與發(fā)電的沼氣利用效益該如何核算？
At present, there are two main ways to use biogas, one is to provide fuel; The second is for power generation. So how to calculate the benefits of biogas utilization for fuel and power generation?
唐山綠源環(huán)保重慶環(huán)衛(wèi)集團(tuán)綜合利用項(xiàng)目
Tangshan Lvyuan Environmental Protection Chongqing Environmental Sanitation Group Comprehensive Utilization Project
1、提供燃料
1. Provide fuel
沼氣一般用作供氣、供暖或鍋爐燃?xì)?，一般每立方米純CH4的發(fā)熱為34000J，每立方米沼氣的發(fā)熱量約為20800~23600J，即1m?沼氣完全燃燒后，能產(chǎn)生相當(dāng)于0.7kg無(wú)煙煤提供的熱量。各大規(guī)模沼氣工程產(chǎn)出的沼氣用作燃料所產(chǎn)生的熱量詳情請(qǐng)參見表1唐山綠源環(huán)保沼氣凈化火炬。
Biogas is generally used for gas supply, heating or boiler gas. Generally, the calorific value per cubic meter of pure CH4 is 34000J, and the calorific value per cubic meter of biogas is about 20800~23600J, that is, 1m? After complete combustion of biogas, it can generate heat equivalent to 0.7kg anthracite. See Table 1 for the details of the heat generated by the biogas produced by various large-scale biogas projects as fuel.
表1、不同規(guī)模的沼氣工程所產(chǎn)生沼氣能量表
Table 1. Biogas energy generated by biogas projects of different scales
2、沼氣發(fā)電
2. Biogas power generation
沼氣發(fā)電是指以沼氣作為燃料產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)產(chǎn)生電能的發(fā)電方式，是沼氣大型化利用的主要技術(shù)之一，我國(guó)農(nóng)村主要以3-10kW沼氣機(jī)和沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組為主，而酒廠、糖廠、畜牧場(chǎng)、污水處理廠的大中型環(huán)保能源工程，主要以50-600kW的沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組為主。
Biogas power generation refers to the power generation method that uses biogas as the fuel to generate power to drive the generator to generate electricity. It is one of the main technologies for large-scale utilization of biogas. In China's rural areas, 3-10kW biogas generators and biogas generators are mainly used, while large and medium-sized environmental protection energy projects in wineries, sugar factories, livestock farms, and sewage treatment plants are mainly 50-600kW biogas generators.
據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般沼氣CH4含量為60%±5%，可發(fā)電1.8~2.6度/Nm?，國(guó)產(chǎn)機(jī)組發(fā)電量一般為1.7~2.0度/Nm?，發(fā)電效率30%~35%；進(jìn)口機(jī)組可達(dá)2.0~2.3度/Nm?，發(fā)電效率35%~42%。
According to experience, the CH4 content of biogas is 60% ± 5%, which can generate 1.8~2.6 degrees/Nm? Of electricity?, The generating capacity of domestic units is generally 1.7~2.0 degrees/Nm?, Power generation efficiency: 30%~35%; Imported units can reach 2.0~2.3 degrees/Nm?, Power generation efficiency is 35%~42%.
值得一提的是對(duì)沼氣中CH4濃度、潔凈度、進(jìn)氣壓力、壓力波動(dòng)率、溫度數(shù)據(jù)的高要求是進(jìn)口機(jī)組發(fā)電效率高于國(guó)產(chǎn)機(jī)組的原因之一，因此業(yè)主在選擇沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組時(shí)，也應(yīng)該綜合考慮產(chǎn)出沼氣質(zhì)量，合理選擇發(fā)電機(jī)組，以免盲目相信進(jìn)口而造成本土沼氣發(fā)電工程水土不服的問(wèn)題。
It is worth mentioning that the high requirements for CH4 concentration, cleanliness, inlet pressure, pressure fluctuation rate and temperature data in biogas are one of the reasons why the power generation efficiency of imported units is higher than that of domestic units. Therefore, when selecting biogas generating units, the owner should also consider the quantity of biogas produced and reasonably select the generating units, so as not to blindly believe in the import and cause the local biogas power generation project to be acclimatized.
計(jì)算公式
Calculation formula
每立方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燃?xì)獍l(fā)電量=燃?xì)鉄嶂?MJ/Nm?)÷熱耗率(MJ/kW·h)×系數(shù)(沼氣機(jī)組系數(shù)一般為0.85~0.90)
Standard gas power generation per cubic meter=gas calorific value (MJ/Nm?) ÷ heat rate (MJ/kW · h) × Coefficient (biogas unit coefficient is generally 0.85~0.90)
機(jī)組持續(xù)功率下每小時(shí)耗氣量=額定功率×90%÷每立方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燃?xì)獍l(fā)電量
Hourly gas consumption at unit continuous power=rated power × 90% ÷ standard gas power generation per cubic meter
表2、發(fā)電機(jī)效率分析表
Table 2. Generator efficiency analysis
二、舉個(gè)例子
2、 For example
以1000m?沼氣工程為例，沼氣做燃料供熱和發(fā)電的應(yīng)用如下：
At 1000m? Take biogas engineering as an example, the application of biogas as fuel for heating and power generation is as follows:
1、燃料供熱
1. Fuel heating
1000m?的沼氣池每天的產(chǎn)氣量在300~600m?，冬季在300m?左右，如做加熱處理，則可達(dá)到450~550m?左右，氣溫零下38℃加熱25℃左右，每天每平方耗氣量大為0.5m?，足夠供應(yīng)1000m2房間取暖。
1000m? The daily gas production of the biogas digester is 300~600m?, 300m in winter? About 450~550m? The maximum air consumption per square meter per day is 0.5m? When the temperature is - 38 ℃ to about 25 ℃?, It is sufficient to supply 1000 m2 room for heating.
2、沼氣發(fā)電
2. Biogas power generation
30kW的發(fā)電機(jī)每小時(shí)的耗氣量在15m?，24小時(shí)為360m?，每天發(fā)電量為576度，每天夏季產(chǎn)氣高峰可產(chǎn)氣600m?，完全足夠。
The gas consumption of 30kW generator per hour is 15m?, 360m? In 24 hours?, The daily power generation is 576 kilowatt-hours, and the daily peak gas production in summer is 600m?, Completely enough.
三、主要領(lǐng)域
3、 Main areas
唐山綠源東營(yíng)沼氣綜合利用項(xiàng)目
Tangshan Lvyuan Dongying Biogas Comprehensive Utilization Project
目前，沼氣利用主要集中在農(nóng)村、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、工業(yè)等三大領(lǐng)域，是一個(gè)充分利用資源實(shí)現(xiàn)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的綜合性的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。
At present, biogas utilization is mainly concentrated in rural areas, aquaculture and industry. It is a comprehensive basic industry that makes full use of resources to realize circular economy.
1、農(nóng)村沼氣的利用
1. Utilization of rural biogas
農(nóng)村沼氣綜合利用能有效的為農(nóng)民解決生活能源問(wèn)題，以農(nóng)村現(xiàn)有的植物秸稈、動(dòng)物糞便為原料，利用沼氣池等設(shè)施經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生沼氣，為農(nóng)民提供燃?xì)?、照明、有機(jī)肥料。
The comprehensive utilization of rural biogas can effectively solve the problem of domestic energy for farmers. With the existing plant straw and animal dung as raw materials, biogas digesters and other facilities are used to produce biogas after a long time of fermentation, providing fuel gas, lighting and organic fertilizer for farmers.
2、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)沼氣的利用
2. Utilization of biogas in aquaculture
畜禽糞便投入沼氣工程發(fā)酵后產(chǎn)生沼氣，糞便經(jīng)過(guò)發(fā)酵后，可直接用于作物肥料、養(yǎng)魚、喂豬、浸種等，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)種養(yǎng)一體化。主要利用方式為：一是為周邊居民提供燃?xì)?，二是通過(guò)發(fā)電為養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)提供電力，余電上網(wǎng)。
Livestock and poultry manure is put into biogas engineering for fermentation to produce biogas. After fermentation, the manure can be directly used for crop fertilizer, fish breeding, pig feeding, seed soaking, etc., to promote the integration of agricultural planting and breeding. The main ways of utilization are: first, to provide gas for the surrounding residents; second, to provide electricity for the breeding farm through power generation, and the remaining electricity is online.
3、工業(yè)領(lǐng)域沼氣的利用
3. Utilization of biogas in industrial field
工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的沼氣利用主要集中在造紙、釀造、食品加工、污水處理等行業(yè)，以工業(yè)廢棄物為原料進(jìn)行發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生沼氣，主要以發(fā)電和供熱為主，可將沼氣用于內(nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電、大型燃煤鍋爐的助燃或替代原煤，使用小型鍋爐生產(chǎn)蒸汽等。
The utilization of biogas in the industrial field is mainly concentrated in papermaking, brewing, food processing, sewage treatment and other industries. The biogas is produced by fermentation using industrial waste as raw materials, mainly for power generation and heating. The biogas can be used for power generation by internal combustion engines, combustion support of large coal-fired boilers or replacing raw coal, and steam production by small boilers.
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2023-03-10
